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HMS ''Surinam'' was a ''Cruizer''-class brig-sloop built by Obadiah Ayles at Topsham, Exeter and launched in 1805.〔Winfield (2008), p.292.〕 She captured one privateer during her twenty-year career and took part in two campaigns before she was broken up in 1825. ==Napoleonic Wars== In March 1805 Commander Alexander Shippard commissioned ''Surinam'' for the Channel and then the Mediterranean. In September ''Srinam'' captured the ''Merchant'' , master, which was sailing from New York, and sent her into Portsmouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4254.().〕 Shippard was promoted to post-captain on 22 January 1806. However, he was still aboard ''Surinam'' when she captured the ''Juliana'' on 28 February. A few days earlier ''Surinam'' had captured the ''Venus'', Robhen, master, which had been sailing from St Bartholomews, and sent her into Plymouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4301.()〕 ''Surinam''s next captain was briefly Commander H. Higman, and he was soon replaced by Commander John Lake in February 1806.〔 On 11 May 1806. ''Surinam'' captured three vessels: ''Pacifico'', ''Tomasa'' and ''Alexandro''. Then six days later she captured the ''San Domingo''. ''San Domingo'' was a schooner from Bilbao. ''Surinam'' also captured two luggers from Bilbao that may or may not be among the three vessels that she capture in May.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4058.()〕 Next, ''Surinam'' captured the ''Anne Marie'', Claasson, master, from St Thomas, and the Spanish lugger ''Alexander'', and sent them into Plymouth.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4061.()〕 Lastly, ''Surinam'' detained the Danish vessel ''Constantia'', Hankow, master, which had been sailing from St Croix to Copenhagen, and sent her into Plymouth too.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4062.()〕 On 28 July ''Surinam'' was present or in sight at the capture of the French frigate ''Rhin''. On 11 December, while ''Surinam'' west of Belle Île watching for the French fleet under Admiral Willaumez, lightning struck her. The strike killed two men, wounded four, destroyed a mast and damaged her badly.〔Harris (1858), p.35.〕 In 1807 ''Surinam'' was attached to Admiral Lord Gardner’s fleet off southern Ireland. ''Surinam'' left the fleet for Plymouth on 15 November. On 17 November, some 17 leagues north of Ushant, she fell in with a French privateer. After a ten-hour chase ''Surinam'' captured the French vessel, which turned out to be the ''Amiral Dacrés'' (or ''Amiral Decrés''). The privateer was armed with fourteen 6-pounder guns and carried a crew of 76 men under the command of Jean G. Michel. She had sailed from St Malo the day before on her first cruise and had made no captures. At the time of the capture, ''Pomone'' was in sight. On 22 October, ''Surinam'' captured the ''Jane and Eleanor''. On 30 January 1808, ''Surinam'' captured the French sloop ''Sta. Anna'' or ''Sta. Joseph Marie''. A few days earlier, ''Surinam'' had detained the ''Grace, Brown, master, which had been sailing from New York.〔''Lloyd's List'', no.4224,() - accessed 8 October 2014.〕 On 20 July ''Surinam'' was in company with and when ''Shannon'' captured ''Comet''. Then on 21 August, ''Surinam'' was in company with ''Shannon'' and when ''Shannon'' captured ''Espoir''. On 9 November ''Surinam'' captured the sloop ''Jeune Henry''. This may have been the ''John & Harry'', from Guadeloupe that ''Lloyd's List'' reported arriving at Plymouth on 15 November.〔''Lloyd's List'', no.4302,() - accessed 8 October 2014.〕 The next month, on 15 December, ''Surinam'' sailed for the Leeward Islands.〔 She arrived there on 26 January 1809 after having left delivered the vessels she was convoying to Berbice, Demerara, and Surinam.〔''Lloyd's List'', no.4337,() - accessed 8 October 2014.〕 She had left the rest of the convoy, which was going to other destinations, on 5 January.〔''Lloyd's List'', no.4329,() - accessed 8 October 2014.〕 ''Surinam'' was at the capture of Martinique in February 1809. In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Martinique" to all naval survivors of that campaign. On 17 February 1810 ''Suriname'', , and joined Captain William Charles Fahie of and his force at the surrender of Saint Martin. Fahie then entrusted ''Surinam'' with the despatches to Vice-Admiral The Honorable Alexander Cochrane. By virtue of this action, ''Surinam'' effectively also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Guadaloupe" to all surviving participants of the campaign. In 1810, Commander A. Hodge (or Hedge) took command,〔 and the next year she visited her namesake country of Suriname, in South America. His replacement, in 1811, was A. Kennedy. In 1812, Commander John Ellis Watt took command on the Leeward Islands station and sailed her for the coast of Guyana. In August 1812 ''Surinam'' was in company with when they captured four American vessels: *''General Hamilton'' (11 August), lying at Paramaribo, Suriname, carrying a cargo of molasses; *''Mary'' (11 August), lying at Paramaribo, Suriname, in ballast; *''Pochohantes'' (12 August), lying at Braams Point, Suriname, and carrying a cargo of salt; and *''Mercator'' (24 August), bound to Baltimore, laden with molasses. Watt died in September 1813 on his passage home after eight years in the West Indies.〔''The gentleman's magazine and historical chronicle'', Vol. 83, part 2, p.504.〕 On 6 September 1812, ''Surinam'' was near Surinam when she encountered the American privateer ''Montgomery'', which was under the command of Captain Upton. ''Montgomery'' was armed with two long 12-pounder guns and ten 6-pounders. ''Surinam'' gave chase until a shot from ''Montgomery'' struck and so weakened ''Surinam''s foremast that she gave up the pursuit.〔Maclay (1900), p.379.〕 ''Surinam'' encountered the American privateer ''Governor Tompkins'', of ten 9-pounder guns and 90 men, on 20 May 1813 off the coast of Surinam. After an engagement of some 45 minutes, ''Governor Tompkins'' was able to escape. Earlier, on 8 May, ''Governor Tompkins'' had captured the ''Hartley'', Grayson, master, which was sailing from Gibraltar to Bahia. The privateer burnt the ''Hartley'', and on 24 May deposited Captain Grayson and his crew at Grenada. ''Governor Tompkins'' then sailed for America, having been cruising for some three months.〔''Lloyd's List'', no. 4787,() - accessed 16 December 2013.〕 On 16 September ''Surinam'' and arrived off Portsmouth with 37 vessels that they had escorted from the Leeward Islands.〔''Lloyd's List'', no.4805,() - accessed 8 October 2014.〕 In 1814 ''Surinam'' returned to Britain. From October 1815 she was in ordinary at Sheerness.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Surinam (1805)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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